Christopher Whitehurst, Ph.D., joined the faculty of the School of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences in 2021, bringing a strong background in virology research, particularly Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis and is associated with multiple forms of cancer, including Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, as well as acquired and innate immune disorders. 

Previously he was at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) since 2006, first as a post-doctoral fellow and most recently as research assistant professor. He studied the vaccinia virus, which is used in the small pox vaccination under the leadership of Dr. Michael Reddy at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, and the Sindbis Virus transmembrane protein structure, mentored by Dr. Dennis Brown at North Carolina State University. Dr. Whitehurst completed his post-doctoral training on the topic of EBV ubiquitination/deubiquitination processes under the mentorship of Dr. Joseph Pagano at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Education

• B.S., Biochemistry, Clemson University
• M.S., Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
• Ph.D., Biochemistry, North Carolina State University
• Postdoctoral Training, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Research

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a DNA human herpesvirus which causes infectious mononucleosis and B-cell lymphomas in immunocompromised individuals. EBV is also closely associated with Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. There is currently no efficacious treatment for EBV, and the need for improved therapies is driven by people immunosuppressed due to AIDS, organ transplantation, cancer, and aging. Approximately 90-95 percent of the world’s population is infected with EBV, and most infections occur in childhood and are typically asymptomatic.

Dr. Whitehurst's laboratory work spans the virology of a human tumor virus and ubiquitin systems as regulators of viral and cellular protein function. Current work focuses on viral and cellular interactions and resulting downstream functional consequences of the EBV late lytic gene BPLF1. BPLF1 is a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) with its enzymatic activity encoded in the first 205 amino acids. Protein ubiquitination plays indispensable roles in many cellular and viral processes. Monoubiquitination modifications usually result in the regulation of functional activity of protein targets, whereas polyubiquitination may suggest that the tagged protein will be targeted for degradation depending on the type of ubiquitin linkage. 

His work has implicated BPLF1 in a wide range of viral and cellular processes including infectivity, viral DNA replication, and DNA repair. He has also demonstrated that knockout of BPLF1 delays and reduces human B-cell immortalization and lymphoma formation in humanized mice.  These findings attest to BPLF1’s importance in understanding the roles of herpesviral deubiquitinating activity in both lytic and persistent infections. Inhibition of EBV’s DUB activity provides a new approach to specific therapy of EBV infections.

Current research plans include:

• Examining the effects of BPLF1 on DNA repair processes
• Examining the global effects of a BPLF1 knockout virus in vitro and in vivo with a humanized mouse model
• Identifying and characterizing viral and cellular targets of BPLF1 deubiquitinating activity
• Screening compound libraries to identify inhibitors of BPLF1

Publications

• Balzer AHA, Whitehurst CB. "An Analysis of the Biotin-(Strept)avidin System in Immunoassays: Interference and Mitigation Strategies." Current issues in molecular biology, 45(11), (2023) 8733-8754. doi: 10.3390/cimb45110549
• Wahl A, Yao W, Liao B, et. al. "A germ-free humanized mouse model shows the contribution of resident microbiota to human-specific pathogen infection." Nature biotechnology, 42(6), (2024) 905-915. doi: 10.1038/s41587-023-01906-5
• Bernal KDE, Whitehurst CB. "Incidence of Epstein-Barr virus reactivation is elevated in COVID-19 patients." Virus research, 334(), (2023) 199157. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199157
• Whitehurst CB, Rizk M, Teklezghi A, et. al. "HIV co-infection augments EBV-induced tumorigenesis in vivo." Frontiers in virology (Lausanne, Switzerland), 2(), (2022) . pii: 861628. doi: 10.3389/fviro.2022.861628
• Atkins SL, Motaib S, Wiser LC, et. al. "Small molecule screening identifies inhibitors of the Epstein-Barr virus deubiquitinating enzyme, BPLF1." Antiviral research, 173(), (2020) 104649. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104649
• Kobayashi E, Hwang D, Bheda-Malge A, et. al. "Inhibition of UCH-L1 Deubiquitinating Activity with Two Forms of LDN-57444 Has Anti-Invasive Effects in Metastatic Carcinoma Cells." International journal of molecular sciences, 20(15), (2019) . doi: 10.3390/ijms20153733
• Fowler KA, Li K, Whitehurst CB, et. al. "The Ex Vivo Treatment of Donor T Cells with Cosalane, an HIV Therapeutic and Small-Molecule Antagonist of CC-Chemokine Receptor 7, Separates Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease from Graft-versus-Leukemia Responses in Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Models." Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, 25(6), (2019) 1062-1074. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.01.022

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Memberships and Affiliations

• American Society for Virology
• American Society for Microbiology
• Epstein-Barr Virus Association

Teaching Responsibilities

• Medical Microbiology Laboratory
• Medical Biochemistry Conferences
• Selected Virology lectures